User:ZiortzaVivanco/hlt0708/eg1esen
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The Big China Wall (traditional Chinese: , simplified Chinese: , pinyin: Cháng Chéng, "Long strength") is an old Chinese fortification built to protect the empire of China since the 3rd century adC of the attacks of the xiongnu nomads of Mongolia and Manchuria. The main purpose of the wall was not to prevent it|him from being crossed, but rather to prevent the invaders from bringing cavalries with them.
The wall is extraordinarily long, with 7.300 km of east in west, from the crossing|step of Shanghai, near Bohai (Gulf of Zhili) up to the Crossing|Step of Jiayu (in the current province of Gansu). Without counting its|his|her|their ramifications and secondary constructions, it|he|she covers 6.400 km from the border|frontier with Korea at the edge of the Yalu river up to the desert of Gobi, crossing seven provinces.
The Big Wall is formed by a series of walls built and reconstructed by different dynasties for more than 1.000 years.
The wall was named Patrimony of the Humanity through the UNESCO in 1987.
On the 7/7/2007 the Chinese wall was named as one of the winners in the list of the Seven Marvels of the Modern World. The poll|vote set off from a private initiative, not needing the guarantee of any institution or government to continue with its|his|her|their electoral ends|purposes and to allow selecting the marvels classified by the poll|vote of more than a hundred a million electors.
History/story
Dress general of the Big Wall in the section|stretch of Badaling.The wall has its|his|her|their origins in sections that were built in specific strategic areas during the period of the Combatant Kingdoms (480-221 adC). Later, during the reign of the First Emperor of the dynasty Ch 'un, of short duration, these sections unified to form a single wall. Thus, it all was not built of once, but rather for parts who have kept joining through a period of approximately a thousand years. It|He|She reached its|his|her|their biggest|greatest extension|extent under the dynasty Ming.
The dynasty Quin of the 221 adC to the 206 adC
The first emperor of China, Quin Shi Huang-gave, initiated the construction of the Big Wall in order to protect its|his|her|their newly formed empire of the attacks of the nomads. From this dynasty, the country was called China or country of the Qin.
The renewal of the dynasty Han between 206 adC and 9 dC
With the arrival of the Han, the empire expanded towards the west and what remained of the wall, besides extending it across the Desert of Gobi, was restored. Watchtowers that were communicated were placed among them with signals of smoke to inform about possible invasions.
The renewal for the Dynasty Ming from 1368 up to 1644
They were those that extended the wall more. This, in the crossing|step of Shanghai (shn hi gun), Qinhuangdao, in Hebei, province near to the gulf of Bohai, is initiated into the end by the big wall of the dynasty Ming. It|He|She crosses nine provinces 100 counties, to finish in the end west in the crossing|step of Jiayu (ji yù gun), in the province of Gansu, in the northwest. The crossing|step of Jiayu was the door for the route of the silk. Although the wall finishes in the crossing|step of Jiayu, from there watchtowers (fng hu tái) continue for all the route of the silk.
Once, the Manchus crossed the wall convincing the general Wu Sangui so that it|he let them cross in the crossing|step of Shanghai. The legend says that it took the troops three days to pass. Once China had been conquered, the wall stopped having strategic utility, since those that it was wanted to protect China from were now the rulers, converting in the Dynasty Qing.
During its|his|her|their construction the workers were of assailants at the mercy of bands|sides and many died in that construction, so the wall is sometimes called the longest cemetery of the world.
Main doors
«First door under the sky», in repair.The most important doors (simplified: ) include:
Crossing|Step Shanghai () Crossing|Step Juyong () Crossing|Step Niángzi ()
Watchtowers and barracks
Watchtower near PekingThe wall is interrupted in some points to give rise to points of defense, to which the soldiers could move back of being necessary. Every tower has stairs only and of difficult access so that it|she confuses the enemy. The barracks and the administrative centers were placed at bigger|greater distances.
Defense of the wall
Besides the usual weapons of the period, weapons specialized for the defense of the wall, which were reproduced and are shown in the wall, were developed. However it|he|she was of great help for the empire of that period. Since it was frequent that when in some tower it|he|she was in force a flambeau went on an alarm that arrived of east in west of the wall was raised also by the flambeaux of other torres,provocando
Materials
The used materials are those available ones in the surroundings of the construction. Near Peking limestone was used. In other places granite or cooked brick was used. Basically, it|he|she was a long wall of clay and sand, covered with several walls of brick. That made it|her very resistant to the impacts of weapons of siege.
Recognition (from the space)
The book of Richard Halliburton, Second Book of Marvels, published in 1938, you stated that the Big China Wall is the only visible human construction from the Moon, and the publication of Ripley Aunque does not create it of the same decade, assured a little similar. This belief has persisted, and it|she has acquired a status of urban legend, and it|she has even been included in school books. Arthur Waldron, author of the most reliable history|story of the Big Wall, has speculated that the belief can originate from the fascination with the "channels" that thought that they existed in Mars. The logic was simple: if the terrestrial ones could see the channels of Mars, the Martian ones could|might then see the Big Wall.
The big wall in satellite photographIn fact, the Big Wall has only few meters|subways of width -of a size approximate to that of the tracks of roads and airports- and is almost of the same color as the ground that surrounds it|her. It is not possible to see it|her from the distance from the Moon, and a lot less from Mars. If the Big Wall were visible from the Moon, it would be easy to see it|her from the terrestrial orbit, but from there is hardly visible and only under perfect climatic conditions. It|He|She is not more visible than other human constructions are.
The Astronaut William Pogue thought that he had seen it|her from the Skylab, but He discovered that in fact he looked to the Big Channel of China, near Beijing. He|She|It could see the Big Wall with binoculars, and concluded that "it|he|she was not visible at first sight". The senator Jake Garn stated that he could see the Big Wall without help of binoculars from the orbit of a space ferry in the eighties, but its|his|her|their assertion|statement has been questioned by several North American astronauts. The Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei said that he could not see it|her at all.
The veteran astronaut Gene Cernan said: "In a terrestrial orbit of 160 km at 320 km, the Big Wall of China is, certainly, visible at first sight" Ed Lu, officer of the Expedition 7 Science de la Estación Espacial Internacional added that the wall "is less visible than many other objects. And you have to know how where to look".
Neil Armstrong stated: "I do not think that, at least with my eyes, there was some visible human construction for me. I have not known anybody who has told me that they have seen the China Wall from the terrestrial orbit. I have asked him|her many people, particularly to people of the ferry, who have orbited several times on China during the day, and those with which I have talked" have not "seen" it|her.
Leroy Chiao, a Chinese-North American astronaut, took a photograph|photography from the International Space Station that shows the Wall. It|She was so indiscriminate that the photographer was not sure of having captured it|her. Based on the photograph|photography, the official newspaper Chino concluded that "The Big Wall can be seen from the space at first sight, under favorable conditions and if one knows how where to look exactly".
The inconsistent results suggest that the visibility of the Big Wall depends to a large extent on the conditions as well as on the address|direction of the light (the oblique lighting widens the shadows). Characteristics of the Moon that are very visible some times, can be imperceptible in others due to changes in the address|direction of the light. The same could|might be true of the Big China Wall.
